Estado, Jurisdição E Direitos Fundamentais: O Direito À Vida Do Embrião Excedentário

Abstract

Technological evolution today allows human reproduction to be medically assisted. However, the use of such techniques, especially in vitro fertilization raises moral, ethical and legal questions that merit study. Based on bibliographical research, this article seeks to present an overview of this debate. The study begins with the approach regarding in vitro fertilization, and with the realization that, from such technique, the so-called surplus embryos can result. Some considerations about what is considered to be the beginning of life and the legal framework of the surplus embryo are presented and then recognized as regards fundamental rights. Based on the fact that there is a constitutional protection to surplus embryos, controversial issues are raised such as the preservation of these in the laboratory and who has the power to choose maintenance of their right to life. Finally, it is shown that, although the Brazilian State acts to a certain extent in the protection of the fundamental rights of surplus embryos, whether through legislation or through the exercise of jurisdictional activity, this tutelage is not yet sufficient to give treatment to the issues ethical and moral issues that the theme arouses.